Advances on Solid-State Vortex Laser

Vortex beams (VBs) are structured with helical wavefronts carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) and they have been widely used in lots of domains, such as optical data-transmission, tweezer, quantum entanglement, super-resolution imaging. The ability to generate vortex favorable performance is great significance for these advanced applications. Compared extra-cavity schemes, spatial light modulation, mode conversion, others which transform other modes into modes, solid-state lasers can output directly show advantages including a compact structure, high robustness, easy integrate, low cost. In this review, we summarize intra-cavity generation approaches lasers. Our work on 1.6μm eye-safe vector also introduced.